The concealment and replacement of truth began in the mid-second century under the Roman emperor Publius Aelius Hadrianus (Hadrian). Hadrian renamed Jerusalem, Aelia Capitolina, after himself and the pagan god Jupiter Capitolinus. He erected and dedicated a temple to Jupiter on Jerusalem's Holy Temple Mount and other pagan temples elsewhere. He banned Jews from the city, forbad circumcision, Torah study, and teaching of Torah. Hadrian solidified the term "Palestine" to refer to the land of Israel, and to this day Israel's enemies falsely claim that Jews are "occupiers" of "Palestine". Basically, Hadrian obsessively strove to eradicate Torah, which included eradicating those who revered it and refused to convert to paganism. Among the slain were souls numbered with the earliest, purest-in-faith followers of Yeshua the Messiah (Jesus Christ). Perhaps most significant for its subsequent lasting effect on Christianity, he appointed a man who obviously shared his Torah-hating pagan ideology as the first non-Jewish leader of “the church” in Jerusalem. That man was bishop Marcus. Prior to that all leaders had been Torah observant Jews with some, perhaps all, being relatives of Yeshua. Afterwards, the Torah policy reversed, from being embraced to being opposed, and Jewish leadership ceased. Thankfully, Hadrian was unable to eradicate the Jewish people - guardians of Torah - but he did initiate what eventually proved to be a successful corruption and paganizing of “Christianity”.